CapseraNeurology
18 source-linked study cards in this body system.
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Drug classes in this body system
How each medicine works
Medicines in this body system: 18 · in a drug class: 5 · drug classes: 3
| Gabapentin — The exact analgesic and antiepileptic mechanisms are unknown. Gabapentin is structurally related to GABA but does not affect its binding, uptake or degradation. It binds the alpha-2-delta calcium-channel subunit in vitro; the relevance to therapeutic effects is unknown. |
| Clonazepam — Precise mechanism unknown; believed to enhance activity of GABA, the major inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter. |
| Sumatriptan — Presumed to act in migraine through 5-HT1B/1D agonism on intracranial vessels and trigeminal sensory nerves, producing cranial vasoconstriction and reduced pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release. |
| Lamotrigine — Precise mechanism unknown; proposed inhibition of voltage-sensitive sodium channels, stabilizing membranes and reducing glutamate release. |
| Topiramate — Clinical anticonvulsant and migraine-prevention mechanisms are unknown. Preclinical findings suggest contributions from sodium-channel blockade, enhanced activity at some GABA-A receptors, AMPA/kainate antagonism and carbonic-anhydrase inhibition. |
| Pregabalin — Binds with high affinity to the alpha-2-delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels in CNS tissue; exact mechanism not fully known. |
| Meclizine — Precise mechanism unknown; presumed to involve histamine H1 receptor antagonism. |
| Donepezil — Reversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase, increasing acetylcholine and enhancing cholinergic function. |
| Levetiracetam — The precise antiepileptic mechanism is unknown. Experimental data identify a binding site as synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, thought to regulate vesicle exocytosis; interaction with SV2A may contribute to the antiepileptic effect. |
| Memantine — A low-to-moderate-affinity uncompetitive (open-channel) NMDA receptor antagonist. Its therapeutic effect is postulated to relate to blocking NMDA channels; persistent glutamate activation is a hypothesis in Alzheimer symptoms, and memantine has not been shown to prevent or slow neurodegeneration. |
| Rizatriptan — Presumed to treat migraine by binding 5-HT1B/1D receptors on intracranial blood vessels and sensory nerves of the trigeminal system. |
| Ropinirole — Non-ergoline dopamine agonist thought to act by stimulating D2 receptors in the caudate-putamen. |
| Divalproex Sodium — Dissociates to valproate; mechanism not established, possibly increased brain GABA concentrations. |
| Pramipexole — Non-ergot dopamine agonist with in-vitro activity at D2-family receptors and greater affinity for D3 than D2 or D4. The precise mechanisms in Parkinson disease and restless legs syndrome are unknown. |
| Carbamazepine — Animal studies suggest reduced polysynaptic responses and blocked post-tetanic potentiation; the mechanism of action remains unknown. |
| Rimegepant — Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist. |
| Primidone — Antiepileptic mechanism unknown; primidone and its metabolites phenobarbital and PEMA all have anticonvulsant activity. |
| Oxcarbazepine — Activity is mainly mediated by MHD. The precise anti-seizure mechanism is unknown; in-vitro studies indicate voltage-sensitive sodium-channel blockade that stabilizes hyperexcited membranes. |
Each summary is the mechanism line from the medicine’s study card.
Listed most often on cards in this body system
Common side effects
Dizziness · 11/18: Gabapentin, Lamotrigine, Topiramate, Pregabalin, Levetiracetam, Memantine, Rizatriptan, Ropinirole, Pramipexole, Carbamazepine (+1)
Nausea · 9/18: Lamotrigine, Donepezil, Ropinirole, Divalproex Sodium, Pramipexole, Carbamazepine, Rimegepant, Primidone, Oxcarbazepine
Somnolence · 8/18: Gabapentin, Pregabalin, Levetiracetam, Rizatriptan, Ropinirole, Divalproex Sodium, Pramipexole, Oxcarbazepine
Ataxia · 4/18: Gabapentin, Clonazepam, Lamotrigine, Primidone
Fatigue · 4/18: Gabapentin, Topiramate, Meclizine, Oxcarbazepine
Drowsiness · 4/18: Clonazepam, Meclizine, Carbamazepine, Primidone
Headache · 3/18: Lamotrigine, Meclizine, Memantine
Diplopia · 3/18: Lamotrigine, Primidone, Oxcarbazepine
Boxed warning
4/18: Clonazepam, Lamotrigine, Divalproex Sodium, Carbamazepine
An item counts as shared only when both cards use the same wording. If a card does not list an item, that is not a statement that the effect never occurs.