CapseraMusculoskeletal
10 source-linked study cards in this body system.
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Drug classes in this body system
How each medicine works
Medicines in this body system: 10 · in a drug class: 4 · drug classes: 1
| Meloxicam — Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) and prostaglandin synthesis; analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic. |
| Cyclobenzaprine — Relieves skeletal muscle spasm of local origin without interfering with muscle function. Animal studies support a mainly central action rather than a direct action at skeletal muscle or the neuromuscular junction. |
| Allopurinol — Hypoxanthine analogue; it and oxypurinol inhibit xanthine oxidase, reducing uric acid production. |
| Methocarbamol — Not established; may be due to general CNS depression. No direct action on striated muscle, motor end plate or nerve fiber. |
| Tizanidine — Central alpha-2 adrenergic agonist presumed to reduce spasticity through increased presynaptic inhibition of motor neurons, with the greatest effects on polysynaptic pathways. |
| Alendronate — Animal studies show preferential localization at bone-resorption sites beneath osteoclasts and inhibition of osteoclast activity, reducing bone resorption. |
| Baclofen — The precise mechanism is not fully known. Baclofen can inhibit monosynaptic and polysynaptic spinal reflexes, possibly by hyperpolarizing afferent terminals; supraspinal actions may also contribute. |
| Indomethacin — Mechanism is incompletely understood but involves COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition; reduced prostaglandin synthesis may contribute to its peripheral effects. |
| Nabumetone — Prodrug converted in the liver to 6MNA, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. |
| Etodolac — Shows anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity in animal models. Its mechanism is not completely understood and may involve prostaglandin-synthetase inhibition. |
Each summary is the mechanism line from the medicine’s study card.
Listed most often on cards in this body system
Common side effects
Dyspepsia · 5/10: Meloxicam, Alendronate, Indomethacin, Nabumetone, Etodolac
Dizziness · 5/10: Cyclobenzaprine, Tizanidine, Baclofen, Indomethacin, Etodolac
Diarrhea · 4/10: Meloxicam, Allopurinol, Nabumetone, Etodolac
Nausea · 4/10: Allopurinol, Alendronate, Indomethacin, Etodolac
Abdominal pain · 3/10: Alendronate, Nabumetone, Etodolac
Dry mouth · 2/10: Cyclobenzaprine, Tizanidine
Fatigue · 2/10: Cyclobenzaprine, Baclofen
Constipation · 2/10: Cyclobenzaprine, Nabumetone
Warnings
Hepatotoxicity · 2/10: Meloxicam, Indomethacin
Heart failure and edema · 2/10: Meloxicam, Indomethacin
Renal toxicity · 2/10: Meloxicam, Indomethacin
Interactions
CNS depressants and alcohol · 2/10: Methocarbamol, Baclofen
Boxed warning
4/10: Meloxicam, Indomethacin, Nabumetone, Etodolac
Same boxed-warning wording on: Indomethacin, Nabumetone, Etodolac
An item counts as shared only when both cards use the same wording. If a card does not list an item, that is not a statement that the effect never occurs.