Eye & ear

Latanoprost — Prostaglandin F2-alpha analogue believed to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous-humor outflow; animal and human studies suggest mainly increased uveoscleral outflow.

Prednisolone Acetate — Glucocorticoid that inhibits edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilation and phagocytic migration of acute inflammation.

Ofloxacin — Quinolone antimicrobial active against susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria causing eye infections.

Cyclosporine — Thought to act as a partial immunomodulator on ocular inflammation suppressing tear production; exact mechanism unknown.

Polymyxin B / Trimethoprim (ophthalmic) — Trimethoprim reversibly inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase, blocking tetrahydrofolic acid production.

Erythromycin (ophthalmic ointment) — Macrolide that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis without affecting nucleic acid synthesis.

Moxifloxacin (ophthalmic) — Topical fluoroquinolone anti-infective active against susceptible conjunctival pathogens.

Ciprofloxacin (ophthalmic) — Interferes with bacterial DNA gyrase, an enzyme needed for bacterial DNA synthesis.

Neomycin / Polymyxin B / Dexamethasone (ophthalmic) — Corticosteroid suppresses ocular inflammatory response; antibiotic components cover infection risk when defenses are inhibited.

Timolol maleate (ophthalmic) — Non-selective beta1/beta2 adrenergic receptor blocker without significant intrinsic sympathomimetic or membrane-stabilizing activity.

Ciprofloxacin / Dexamethasone — Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial; dexamethasone suppresses inflammatory cytokines and edema.

Dorzolamide — Inhibits carbonic anhydrase (mainly CA-II) in the eye, lowering intraocular pressure.

Ofloxacin — Fluoroquinolone that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, a topoisomerase needed for DNA replication, repair, and transcription.

Brimonidine — Relatively selective alpha-2 agonist. Studies in animals and humans suggest reduced aqueous humor production and increased uveoscleral outflow lower intraocular pressure.

Ketorolac — Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug thought to act by inhibiting prostaglandin biosynthesis.

Dorzolamide / Timolol — Both reduce aqueous humor secretion: dorzolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase II; timolol is a non-selective beta-blocker.

Bimatoprost — Synthetic prostaglandin analog that mimics prostamides; believed to lower IOP by increasing aqueous outflow through trabecular and uveoscleral routes.

Olopatadine — Mast cell stabilizer and histamine H1 antagonist; also reduces chemotaxis and eosinophil activation.

Tobramycin (ophthalmic) — The label describes antibacterial activity against susceptible organisms but does not state the molecular mechanism.

Each summary is the mechanism line from the medicine’s study card.

Listed most often on cards in this body system

Used for

Open-angle glaucoma · 4/19: Latanoprost, Timolol maleate (ophthalmic), Dorzolamide, Brimonidine

Ocular hypertension · 4/19: Latanoprost, Timolol maleate (ophthalmic), Dorzolamide, Brimonidine

Common side effects

Conjunctival hyperemia · 5/19: Latanoprost, Cyclosporine, Brimonidine, Dorzolamide / Timolol, Bimatoprost

Blurred vision · 3/19: Latanoprost, Dorzolamide / Timolol, Olopatadine

Redness · 3/19: Ofloxacin (ophthalmic), Polymyxin B / Trimethoprim (ophthalmic), Erythromycin (ophthalmic ointment)

Itching · 3/19: Ofloxacin (ophthalmic), Polymyxin B / Trimethoprim (ophthalmic), Ciprofloxacin (ophthalmic)

An item counts as shared only when both cards use the same wording. If a card does not list an item, that is not a statement that the effect never occurs.