CapseraGI
22 source-linked study cards in this body system.
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Drug classes in this body system
How each medicine works
Medicines in this body system: 22 · in a drug class: 3 · drug classes: 1
| Omeprazole — Substituted benzimidazole that inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase (proton pump) of the gastric parietal cell, blocking the final step of acid secretion. |
| Pantoprazole — Covalently binds the H+/K+ ATPase of the gastric parietal cell, suppressing the final step of acid production, basal and stimulated. |
| Ondansetron — Selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist; 5-HT3 receptors are on vagal nerve terminals and in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. |
| Famotidine — Competitive inhibitor of histamine-2 receptors; suppresses both acid concentration and volume of gastric secretion. |
| Docusate — Acts as a surfactant with detergent activity, helping fat and water mix to soften stool. |
| Polyethylene Glycol 3350 — Acts osmotically to retain water with the stool. |
| Esomeprazole magnesium — Converted in the parietal cell to an active inhibitor that blocks the H+/K+ ATPase (proton pump), suppressing gastric acid secretion. |
| Dicyclomine — Relieves gastrointestinal smooth-muscle spasm. Animal studies indicate both antimuscarinic effects at acetylcholine receptors and a direct smooth-muscle (musculotropic) effect. |
| Linaclotide — Binds GC-C on the intestinal lumen, raising cGMP; increases intestinal fluid secretion and transit. |
| Calcium Carbonate — The selected label does not state a molecular mechanism. |
| Magnesium Oxide — Antacid; relieves acid indigestion and upset stomach. |
| Mesalamine — 5-ASA has an incompletely understood mechanism that appears to involve local anti-inflammatory effects on colonic epithelium; inhibition of prostanoid and leukotriene production is a possible mechanism. |
| Sennosides / Docusate Sodium — Docusate facilitates mixing of fat and water through surfactant/detergent activity to soften stool; senna has an irritant/stimulant action on the colonic mucosa. |
| Sucralfate — Acts locally and forms an ulcer-adherent complex with proteinaceous exudate. A sucralfate-albumin film limits hydrogen-ion diffusion in vitro; the full ulcer-healing mechanism remains incompletely defined. |
| Metoclopramide — Stimulates upper GI motility, apparently by sensitizing tissues to acetylcholine; raises LES tone and speeds gastric emptying. |
| Lactulose — Colonic bacteria break it down to lactic and other acids, raising osmotic pressure and acidifying stool, which adds stool water. |
| Loperamide — Binds gut-wall opiate receptors, inhibiting acetylcholine and prostaglandin release; slows peristalsis and lengthens transit. |
| Pancrelipase — Mixture of lipases, proteases, and amylases that digest fats, proteins, and starches in the duodenum like pancreatic enzymes. |
| Sodium Sulfate / Magnesium Sulfate / Potassium Chloride — Sodium and magnesium sulfate act osmotically, retaining water in the colon lumen and producing loose stools. |
| Bisacodyl — Intestinal brush-border enzymes and colonic bacteria convert bisacodyl to the active metabolite BHPM, which acts directly on the colonic mucosa to produce peristalsis. |
| Senna (Sennosides) — Colonic bacteria convert senna constituents to an active metabolite that stimulates colonic peristalsis. |
| Diphenoxylate / Atropine — Diphenoxylate forms the active metabolite difenoxine. In dogs it acts on bowel circular muscle; the label proposes that enhanced segmentation and longer transit may explain its antidiarrheal effect. Atropine is present in a subtherapeutic amount to discourage deliberate overdose. |
Each summary is the mechanism line from the medicine’s study card.
Listed most often on cards in this body system
Used for
Occasional constipation · 4/22: Docusate, Sennosides / Docusate Sodium, Bisacodyl, Senna (Sennosides)
Common side effects
Diarrhea · 9/22: Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Ondansetron, Famotidine, Esomeprazole magnesium, Linaclotide, Mesalamine, Sucralfate, Lactulose
Nausea · 7/22: Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Esomeprazole magnesium, Dicyclomine, Mesalamine, Sucralfate, Sodium Sulfate / Magnesium Sulfate / Potassium Chloride
Headache · 6/22: Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Ondansetron, Famotidine, Esomeprazole magnesium, Mesalamine
Abdominal pain · 4/22: Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Esomeprazole magnesium, Linaclotide
Flatulence · 4/22: Omeprazole, Esomeprazole magnesium, Linaclotide, Lactulose
Constipation · 4/22: Ondansetron, Famotidine, Sucralfate, Loperamide
Dizziness · 4/22: Famotidine, Dicyclomine, Loperamide, Diphenoxylate / Atropine
Warnings
C. difficile-associated diarrhea · 3/22: Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Esomeprazole magnesium
Bone fracture with long-term use · 3/22: Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Esomeprazole magnesium
Interactions
Warfarin · 3/22: Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Sucralfate
Boxed warning
3/22: Linaclotide, Metoclopramide, Loperamide
An item counts as shared only when both cards use the same wording. If a card does not list an item, that is not a statement that the effect never occurs.